Complete the authorization code grant workflow

ServiceNow handles both authentication and API access by acting as the authorization and resource server. When single sign-on (SSO) is enabled, it redirects users to the configured identity provider (IdP) for authentication and issues tokens after successful login.

Before you begin

Role required: oauth_admin, mi_admin, admin

About this task

This topic collection provides information about how ServiceNow manages authentication and API access when acting as both the authorization server and the resource server. It describes the behavior when SSO is enabled, including redirection to the identity provider (IdP) for user authentication and the issuance of an authorization code by ServiceNow after successful authentication. The usage of authorization code verifies that ServiceNow retains control over token issuance and access to protected resources.

[Omitted image "mic-authorization-flow.png"] Alt text: Authorization Workflow

Procedure

Log in from the client application.

The user begins the login process from the client application interface.
Initiate the authorization request.

The client redirects the user to ServiceNow authorization endpoint to initiate the authorization request. The authorization request can be initiated either by including the Client Secret or PKCE Code Challenge in the request body, based on the client type (private or public). In the authorization request body, include Client Secret for private clients, and PKCE Code Challenge for public clients.
- For private clients
  
  Include the Client Secret in the request body, while initiating the token request for private clients. Follow the procedure to initiate the authorization request using Client Secret for private clients.
  
  Perform a GET request to the authorization endpoint with the following parameters:
  Text
```
Method: GETEndpoint: https://<servicenow_base_url>/oauth_auth.do
```

Parameter	Required	Description
`response_type`	Yes	Set the value to `code` to initiate the authorization code flow.
`client_id`	Yes	The unique identifier for your client application.Format: YOUR_CLIENT_ID
`redirect_uri`	Yes	The URI to which ServiceNow sends the authorization code.Example: https://yourapp.com/callback
`scope`	Yes	A space-delimited list of requested scopes.Example: `incident_read incident_write`.
`state`	Yes	A client-generated value used to avoid Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. The value is returned unchanged in the redirect URI, enabling the client to validate it.

- **For public clients**

    Include the `PKCE Code Challenge` in the request body, while initiating the token request for public clients. Follow the procedure to initiate the authorization request using `PKCE Code Challenge` for public clients.

    Perform a GET request to the authorization endpoint with the following parameters:

    ```
    Method: GET
    Endpoint: https://<servicenow_base_url>/oauth_auth.do
    ```

Parameter	Required	Description
`response_type`	Yes	Set the value to `code` to initiate the authorization code flow.
`client_id`	Yes	The unique identifier for your client application.Format: YOUR_CLIENT_ID
`redirect_uri`	Yes	The URI to which ServiceNow sends the authorization code.Example: https://yourapp.com/callback
`code_challenge`	Yes	A base64url-encoded SHA-256 hash of the code verifier. This is used as part of the PKCE flow.
`code_challenge_method`	Yes	Specifies the transformation method used for the code challenge. Set to `S256`.
`scope`	Yes	A space-delimited list of requested scopes.Example: `incident_read incident_write`.
`state`	Yes	A client-generated value used to avoid CSRF attacks. The value is returned unchanged in the redirect URI, enabling the client to validate it.

**Note:** Starting with the Madrid release, the system property `glide.oauth.state.parameter.required` mandates the use of the `state` parameter in the OAuth requests. The `state` property is set to `true` by default in the new instances, and `optional` in upgraded instances. In case of missing `state` parameter, the authorization request fails and the following error is displayed: `Missing State parameter in request`.

Grant access consent to the client application.

Access the ServiceNow login page (or IdP, if SSO is enabled), and grant access consent to the client application.
ServiceNow (or IdP, if SSO is enabled) validates the credentials and ServiceNow returns an authorization code to the client.

After the successful authentication, the browser is redirected to the redirect_uri, and the authorization code is included in the query string:
Text
```
https://yourapp.com/callback?code=AUTH_CODE&state=xyz123
```
Exchange the authorization code for an access token (and a refresh token, if it’s a private client) by making a call to the ServiceNow token endpoint.

The authorization code for an access token can be initiated either by including the Client Secret or PKCE Code Challenge in the request body, based on the client type (private or public). In the token request body, include Client Secret for private clients, and PKCE Code Challenge for public clients.
- For private clients
  
  Include the Client Secret in the request body, while initiating the token request for private clients. Follow the procedure to initiate the token request using Client Secret for private clients.
  
  In case of private clients, the client sends a POST request to token endpoint with the following parameters:
  Text
```
Method: POST Endpoint: https://<servicenow_base_url>/oauth_token.do   Headers: Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
```

Parameter	Required	Description
`grant_type`	Yes	Set the value to `authorization_code` to exchange the code for a token.
`code`	Yes	The authorization code received from the authorization endpoint.
`redirect_uri`	Yes	The URI used in the initial authorization request.Example: https://yourapp.com/callback
`client_id`	Yes	The unique identifier for your client application.
`client_secret`	Yes	The client’s secret used to authenticate with the token endpoint.
`state`	Yes	A client-generated value used to help prevent CSRF attacks. The value is returned unchanged in the redirect URI, enabling the client to validate it.

- **For public clients**

    Include the `PKCE Code Challenge` in the request body, while initiating the token request for public clients. Follow the procedure to initiate the authorization request using `PKCE Code Challenge` for public clients.

    The client sends a POST request to token endpoint with the following parameters:

    ```
    
    Method: POST  
    Endpoint: https://<servicenow_base_url>/oauth_token.do  
    Headers: Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    ```

Parameter	Required	Description
`grant_type`	Yes	Set the value to `authorization_code` to exchange the code for a token.
`code`	Yes	The authorization code received from the authorization endpoint.
`redirect_uri`	Yes	The URI used in the initial authorization request.Example: https://yourapp.com/callback
`client_id`	Yes	The unique identifier for your client application.
`code_verifier`	Yes	The original string used to generate the PKCE `code_challenge`.
`state`	Yes	A client-generated value used to help prevent CSRF attacks. The value is returned unchanged in the redirect URI, enabling the client to validate it.

6. Access the ServiceNow APIs with the access token.

-   **Example:**

    Make a GET request to the APIs using the access token. Include the access token in the `Authorization` header.

```
Method: GET
End Point: https://<servicenow_base_url>/api/now/incident  
Authorization: Bearer YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN
```

Renew the access token if it has expired.

Make a POST request to refresh the access token (private clients only) with the following parameters:

Text

Method: POST  Endpoint: https://<servicenow_base_url>/oauth_token.do  Headers: Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Parameter	Required	Description
`grant_type`	Yes	Set the value to `refresh_token` to request a new access token.
`refresh_token`	Yes	The refresh token previously issued by the token endpoint.
`client_id`	Yes	The unique identifier for your client application.
`client_secret`	Yes	The client secret used to authenticate with the token endpoint.

title	Complete the authorization code grant workflow
description	ServiceNow handles both authentication and API access by acting as the authorization and resource server. When single sign-on \(SSO\) is enabled, it redirects users to the configured identity provider \(IdP\) for authentication and issues tokens after successful login.
locale	en-US
canonical_url	https://www.servicenow.com/docs/r/australia/platform-security/authentication/authorization-workflow.html
release	australia
product	Authentication
classification	authentication
topic_type	task
last_updated	2026-11-06
reading_time_minutes	5
breadcrumb	Auth Code GrantInbound integrationsOAuth inboundOAuth authenticationAuthenticationAccess Management